The Nazi Of The Holocaust Essay - 1406 Words

The world we live in today is not the world we think. We go on with our everyday living and do not give much thought into how far we have come and how blessed we really are. The Nazi Doctors is introduced to readers as one of the worst killing projects that once took place. The author presents his readers with him investigating and interviewing different Nazi doctors and prisoner doctors that played a role in Nazi genocide. As you read the book, you begin to wonder how â€Å"inhuman† the Jews were treated and how these doctors just lacked mercy for kids and adults and how healers become killers, and after the fact some of these doctors showed no remorse. He does a great job covering the history aspect as well as the psychology aspect of the book. The author presents his book, showing the reader how these so call doctors who were supposed to be healers turned into killers. And even though they knew what they were doing was not right, they continued to kill these innocent people due to their race. These doctors were okay with the fact of looking over the medical chart and deciding whether or not they wanted them to live. They would go to the extent to see if their eye color was the perfect blue color and if they thought these kids would be able to train well enough to be in the army. All while their work was all kept to themselves. They tried to keep it all a secret and not let any word get out into the public. These nurses that in most cases were women and had families wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Nazis And The Holocaust1385 Words   |  6 PagesIhr Kampf The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were â€Å"racially superior† and that Jews, were â€Å"inferior† and were a â€Å"threat† to the German Racial community: this was the idea behind the Holocaust, meaning â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. The Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million in 1933, most of these Jews lived in countries that the Nazis would soon occupy. By 1945, the Germans and collaborators killed two out of every three European Jews as part of theRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Nazis1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were â€Å"racially superior† and that Jews, were â€Å"inferior† and were a â€Å"threat† to the German Racial community: this was the idea behind the Holocaust, meaning â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. The Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million in 1933, most of these Jews live d in countries that the Nazis would soon occupy. By 1945, the Germans and collaborators killed two out of every three European Jews as part of the â€Å"FinalRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi War1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution also murder 6 Million Jews by the Nazi regimes. holocaust is also a Greek word meaning â€Å"Sacrifice by Fire†. The Nazi came in power in Germany in January 1933. They all believed that Germans was â€Å"Superior† and that the Jews, were also alien threating to call German racial community. In 1933, The Jewish population of Europe they all stood over nine million. The Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy of the influenceRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Nazi Attempt774 Words   |  4 Pages Hannah Boggs English 8 Block 3 Mrs. Guidry 8 February 2017 The Holocaust The Holocaust was the Nazi attempt to wipe out the Jewish race (Rossel 12). The Holocaust took place from 1933 to 1945 (Rossel 12). The Holocaust took place in Europe, mainly Germany (â€Å"Introduction† par 3). Mainly Jewish and Nazi people were involved in the Holocaust, as well as some Gypsies (â€Å"Introduction† par 2, 3). The Holocaust was the persecution of 6 million Jews and millions of others forced to live inRead MoreNazi Crimes And The Holocaust1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmurdered in one of the deadliest genocides in history, which was part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazi regime. Every arm of Germany s bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide. Other victims of Nazi crimes included Romanians, Ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah s Witnesses and the mentally and physically disabled. A network of about 42,500Read MoreThe Holocaust Of The Nazi Party791 Words   |  4 PagesBy 1933 the Nazi Party had fully risen to power. Their policies included â€Å"purifying† Germany, taking over the world, and exterminating any group of people that contradicted their idea of a perfect society, namely the Jewish. By 1945 twenty million people died, including gypsies (Romanian), the Polish, Soviet citizens, the disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals and yes the Jewish. The Holocaust is a prime example of genocide. The Nazis sent their prisoners to concentration camps where they wereRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Party1312 Words   |  6 Pages This Jewish girl was one of the many orphaned during the Holocaust, forcing her to live on the streets of the ghetto amongst the filth and grime. She lies on the street, holding her sister who is dying of starvation and disease. Many walk past and neglect to help the girl; for fear that they will draw unnecessary attention to themselves and attract the Jewish Ghetto police. This picture only illustrates the suffering of two girls, but acts as a representation of the many millions of Jews that wereRead MoreThe Nazi Party and The Holocaust1119 Words   |  4 Pages A horrid event known as The Holocaust took place in 20th century Germany. It all began when Adolph Hitler was appointed as chancellor of Germany on January 30th, 1933. Soon after, Hitler gained a numerous amount of followers and rapidly developed his Nazi Germany. Led by visions of racial purity and spatial expansion, the Nazis mainly targeted Jews. In addition, Nazis also targeted Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses a nd disabled people along with anyone who resisted them. This tragic eventRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Party1505 Words   |  7 Pagesinner beast. Some likely never knew this inner brutality existed within them and others had kept it hidden deep inside intentionally. Irma Grese used the Holocaust to express her inner most anger and hate. She abused, killed, and controlled the people in the camps she worked at, all with the blessings of the German Nazis she worked for. A Holocaust survivor, Olga Lyngel, later described Grese as a â€Å"twenty-two year old girl†¦completely without pity.† This description of Irma Grese only gives a glimpseRead MoreThe Holocaust and Nazi Germany1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction (150 words) As a result of the Holocaust, a clear link can be made between Nazi racial ideologies and Hitler’s foreign policy. Firstly, Nazi ideologies were a fundamental facet to the Holocaust, as it included the philosophies of who constituted as a Jew, and the consequent treatment of those diagnosed as Jews. Secondly, Hitler’s foreign policies were another significant aspect of the holocaust, as it was a fundamental part in the construction of Hitler’s ultimate goal. Thirdly, the

Critical Evaluation Report on Quantitative Study

Question: Discuss about theCritical Evaluation Report on Quantitative Study. Answer: Introduction Critical evaluation involves a balanced appraisal of a study requiring logical and objective identification of the systematic manner of enquiry that underpins a research study (Steen, 2011). Critical appraisal should be undertaken by the nurses to determine the applicability of research into practice (Polit, 2016). The models as Rees model, Critical- Appraisal skilled program, Parahoo and Crombie model, Consolidated-standards of reporting trial, etc are used for critiquing studies (Baker, 2014). This study was published in Annals journal- of Emergency-medicine, which is an international, peer-reviewed journal that is published by the ACEP (American college of Emergency- Physicians). Annals publishes research reports, articles and facts of emergency-medicine including out-of-hospital, paediatric and toxicology emergencies, disaster management, injuries and prevention with other speciality topics. Annals are published in United States. Annals impact factor-5.008, CiteScore-1.81, 5-Years Impact- Factor-5.041, Source- normalized Impact/Paper (SNIP) -2.287 and SCImago- Journal Rank-1.942 suggests that it is the largest circulating journal in emergency-medicine with over 33,000 subscribers (ACEP, 2016). Almost half of the research articles could be accessed through Science-Direct and were downloadable in several countries. In 2015, Annals received submissions from 65 countries as Canada, Australia, etc with 46% outside US (Callaham, 2017). These informations drive me to use the research finding in my practice with evidence. The authors of this study Simon Bugden, Mark Scott, Sean Clark and Christopher Johnstone are experts in the emergency department of Caboolture-Hospital at Queensland as well as works in Centre for Health-practice innovations and members of Critical-care research group, Griffith-University. The author Mihala has contributed 29 articles, 101 citations and Fraser with 462 articles, 3,697 citations whereas Rickard with 191 articles, 2,231 citations. This study was carried-out in Caboolture-community hospital at Queensland. The information about author gives me confidence to carry out this research study in my clinical care effectively. Abstract The studys title is clear, concise and congruent with the text. They have stated a concise and achievable objective, which is to determine whether the skin glue application with standard peripheral intra-venous catheter (PIVC) care could minimize the failure rate of PIVCs. The abstract includes a clearly focused hypothesis and concise research design of single insertion-site, two-arms, non-blinded, randomized with controlled trial with sample descriptions of 380 participants. It explains about the standardized securement and skin glue group and measurement instruments for primary outcomes of PIVC failure at 48 hours and secondary outcomes with detailed findings and conclusions. Structuring the Study The authors have clearly demonstrated their motivation in the current study by their structured literature-review. They have given that PIVCs are one of the most common medical-invasive devices that are used in the hospitals. Approximately 80% of the hospitalized patients are inserted with PIVC with majority in emergencies (Limm, 2013). According to Marsh (2015), 33% to 69% of PIVCs fails because of infections, catheter occlusions, phlebitis or dislodgement with majority occurring because of inadequate fixation of PIVC. As there are no clear evidences to practice skin-glue securement, the researchers have proposed this study on the effect of addition of skin-glue securement with standard catheter-care based on guidelines of Queensland (2015). The quoting of study by Marsh et al (2015) was not relevant as it describes about PIVC failure only in wards. The literatures were recent, clear, summarized, well-organized and comprehensive. The literatures were relevant to the study title with correct citations. The literature could have concentrated more on PIVC failure in ED and evidences to compare the effectiveness of skin-glue with comparators. Their evidences to demonstrate effect on skin glue on arterial and epidural catheters are highly informative. They have performed a single-site, 2-arm, randomized with controlled-trail among 360 patients having 380 PIVCs. They have randomized the samples through the software (Randomizers for clinical trials) in 1:1 ratio to the standard group and skin-glue group (not blocked/stratified). The researchers have kept a drop of cyanoacrylate-glue at the catheter insertion-site and PIVCs hub in skin-glue group and have measured the primary and secondary outcomes. They have stated a clear hypothesis which predicts relationship between variables (Polit, 2016) as the addition of ski-glue at the PIVC insertion-site could reduce PIVC failure rate at 48 hours. They used scientific hypothesis and has expressed interest in testing the rela tionships between variables. Sample They have described the samples clearly. The samples were determined by three research nurses in emergency department for 16 hrs per day for one week (7 days). The research nurses have included the samples having peripheral intra-venous catheter insertion in any of the upper limbs (with intact skin) that is inserted by the emergency nurses or doctors and has given informed consent. The researchers have determined the sample-size with 174 patients in each group (standard securement and skin-glue group). They have included the samples only after confirming the patency of PIVC by flushing the line with 10 ml (0.9%) normal saline. They have excluded the patients who are known allergic to skin securements, infections at catheter-site, phlebitis with thrombotic features in the insertion-site, unwilling and agitated patients and persons who doesnt speak English. Data Collection They have collected the base-line demographic with possible confounder details from all the patients during the enrollment through a self-structured questionnaire. Its variables include age, sex, medication intake, no. of PIVC insertions, insertion-site, limb of insertion, person of insertion, the gauge size of PIVC and time from insertion of PIVC to intervention as well as follow-up time. They have measured the primary outcomes by one of three research nurses as suggested by Rickard (2012) through directly visualizing the patients for in-patients or by telephoning to the discharged patients and collecting informations about the presence of failure features by 48 or more hours (Webster, 2010). The researchers have collected informations for secondary outcomes by directly observing, reviewing the charts and through structured-patients questionnaire. They have described about the method of collecting data but they have not adequately given about the method of measuring data. The resear chers have mentioned that they have measured the infection, occlusion, phlebitis and dislodgment but they have not mentioned through which measurement they have graded the features. The researchers have clearly measured primary outcomes data by self-structured questionnaire (direct observation/telephoning) and secondary outcomes through direct-visualization, reviewing medical charts as well as standard- patients questionnaire. The researchers have not adequately indicated about the measurement instruments origin. But, they have clearly included their use of study instruments given by Rickard in 2012 through their quote. The researchers have not clearly indicated about their study instruments for both outcomes. They have not mentioned about the validation of their study instruments which questions about the reliability of the study instruments. Moreover, they have not indicated the reliability of their study instruments anywhere in the study which suggest that they have not checked t heir reliability. They have mentioned about any ethical issues they have faced other than their procedural issues. Data Analysis The follow-up by the researchers was adequate enough to judge the study findings credible. They were able to manage their follow-up loss appropriately as only 0.83% of the samples loosed from both groups. They have tackled this issue by eliminating the follow-up loss patients which is evident in their data description. The researchers havent blinded the samples as they were unable to blind due to the presence of similar color as well as appearance of samples during data collection (intervention and following-up time). The data-analysis shows that significant differences are noted in the rate of failure of PIVC between skin-glue group as well as standard- group with 10% increased failure rate in standard group at CI-95% between 18 to 2%, p=.02. The significant difference was also noted in the secondary outcomes of dislodgement at CI-95% from 13 to 0%, p=.04 with 7% reduction in skin-glue group and phlebitis and occlusion was also found to be reduced in skin-glue group yet statistical- significance was not shown. There are no infections in both groups. As given by Newcombe (2012), they used inferential statistics with point estimation-Confidence Interval to demonstrate inferences. The primary statistical-analysis shows that PIVC failure was significantly low in skin glue group than that of standard group indicating a statistical difference between them at p.05 and hence the given statistical hypothesis is accepted. The secondary-data shows that the differences in dislodgement of both the groups were also statistically-significant indicating statistical difference between both the groups at p.05 levels, which shows that statistical-hypothesis is accepted. The differences of phlebitis between both the groups are low with CI-95% between 5% to 3% indicating that they are not statistically-significant. Occlusions with CI-95% between 8 to 4% indicate that they are not statistically-significant and there was no infection in both groups. Findings The findings were expected and they have presented with complete informations to generalize the results. They have clearly given their findings as per objectives. Their findings indicates that the PIVC failure-rate was significantly (10%) lowered in skin glue group patients (17%) as related to the standard group (27%) with CI-95% from 18% to 2%, p=.02) and secondary outcome because of dislodgement was identified to be (7%) lesser in skin-glue group as compared to the standard group with 14% at CI-95% between 13% to 0%. The findings suggest that the PIVC failure rate because of phlebitis and catheter occlusions was noted to be reduced in skin glue group than that of standard- care group yet has no statistical significance. There are no infections (0%) in skin- glue and standard group. The data analysis in standard care group with 179 patients and skin-glue group with 170 patients indicates that the PIVC failure-rate was 52 31 respectively and the secondary PIVC-failure was 51 28. Li mitations were noted as it was conducted in particular setting with specific cultured people. Their confounder details should have included with other potential drug use (sclerotics, anti-coagulants) with dwell time, etc (Wallis, 2014). Their evaluation over phones may not give appropriate results yet nowadays the patients know the features clearly. The researchers have mentioned that they will conduct cost-benefit analysis study (if they get adequate funding) in the future. The implications for this study were given as the usage of skin glue is shown to minimize PIVC failure. They are highly and are simple and quick method to be performed even in emergencies. They have not mentioned about permitting others to conduct similar study. Conclusion The researchers have concluded by suggesting that the addition of skin glue along with the standard care guidelines as given by Queensland can minimize the failure rate of PIVC specifically in patients in ED. When the PIVC failure rates are reduced, it will promote the patients values by avoiding unnecessary expenses of cost, time, resources, staffs effort, etc. By practicing appropriately, this method will promote patients comfort, improve their outcomes as well as reduce the number of admissions in the hospitals because of complications caused by PIVC failure. The study findings indicates that when skin- glue is used to attach PIVC to insertion-site, unnecessary interruptions to therapies will be prevented completely and hence comfort of the patient will be maintained. In his study, Stuart (2013) showed that at-least in 0.1% of the PIVC failure acquire sepsis that endangering the life of the patient adversely yet it could be avoided completely. Relevance to Nursing Practice The nurses are the primary care- givers to all the patients of all ages irrespective of caste, creed and in all the settings. Their principal duty is to provide a quality care to all the patients based on their ethical principles. The nursing care should provide some benefit to the patients (beneficence) rather than any harm to them (maleficience) with justice and fair treatment (Polit, 2016). Hence, recently more emphasis has been given to practice evidence based care to protect the life of the patient. According to the International Nurses council (2010), a professional nurse should be able to prevent illnesses, promote health of all the people and protect their health which means protecting from harmful deeds. All the nurses should conduct relevant research studies to gain more evidences to protect our profession (ANA, 2010). The nurses are the front line workers in emergency department of any hospitals to provide life saving measures in which peripheral intra-venous catheter inse rtion is most needed as it helps to initiate treatment process. Rebelem (2016) has mentioned that the nurses have to be expertise to protect patients from peripheral intra-venous catheter failure such as phelibitis, infection at the catheter insertion site itself and catheter dislodgement and occlusions. Majority of the patients in ED should have to be started with infusions through peripheral intra-venous catheter and the nurses has to protect the patient from failure of 33% - 69% of peripheral intra-venous catheter leading to discomfort, thus affecting the value of patient severely. The main contributing factor to this premature device failure is due to the improper fixation of the peripheral intra-venous catheter causing dislodgement and affecting micro-motion causing vein irritation (phlebitis and occlusion) resulting in infection. It occurs mostly during first 48 hours after insertion which implies that securement methods have to be improved. Hence, nurses should use skin securement at the catheter insertion site to develop adherence of cath eter with the patients skin. OGrady et al (2011) has suggested that many researches have to be conducted to study about the intravenous catheter replacement. PIVC failure causes disruption of therapies as hydration therapy, antibiotic and analgesic therapy resulting in the deterioration of patients heath adversely causing burdening of the patients and their family members by increasing the cost, producing anxiety and re-inserting the catheter (Aymes, 2016). Moreover, it increases the costs of the health- care including increased man power requirement and increased length of stay (Stuart, 2013). Hence, by using skin glue for securing patients with PIVC, the nurses will surely enhance the patients values as well as prevent disease and death rates of people within their ethical principles. Reference ACEP- (American college of Emergency- Physicians). (2016). Annals of Emergency Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.acep.org/annals American Nurses Association (ANA). (2010). What is nursing?. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/Especially ForYou/StudentNurses/ Aymes, S. (2016). Skin Glue Reduces IV Failure Rate in the Emergency Department. Retrieved from https://www.acepnow.com/skin-glue-reduces-iv-failure-rate-in-the-emergency-department/ Baker, K. (2014). How to make critiquing easy: The Royal College of Midwives. Retrieved from https://www.rcm.org.uk/news-views-and-analysis/analysis/how-to%E2%80%A6-make-critiquing-easy Callaham, M. L. (2017). Annals Journal of Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of theAmerican College of Emergency Physicians. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-emergency-medicine International Council for Nurses. (2010). The International Council for Nurses definition of Nursing. Retrieved fromvhttps://www.ich.in/definition.htm Limm, E. (2013). Half of all peripheral intravenous lines in an Australian tertiary emergency department are unused: pain with no gain?: Ann Emerg Med. 62:521-525. Marsh et al. (2015). Securement methods for peripheral venous catheters to prevent failure: a randomized controlled pilot trial: J Vasc Access.16:237-244. Marsh, N. (2015). Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters to prevent complications [review]: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6:CD011070. Newcombe, R.G. (2012). Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Related Measures of Effect Size. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1439812780 OGrady, N.P. (2011). Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections: Clin Infect Dis. 52: e16293. Polit, D.F Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: New Delhi. Queensland- Department of Health. (2015). Centre for Healthcare Related Infection Surveillance and Prevention, Australia: PIVC guideline. Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/publications/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/governance/icare-pivc-guideline.pdf. Rebelem. (2016). Should We Use Skin Glue to Secure Peripheral IVs: R.E.B.E.L. E.M. Retrieved from https://rebelem.com/should-we-use-skin-glue-to-secure-peripheral-ivs/ Rickard, C.M. (2012). Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized controlled equivalence trial: Lancet. 380:1066-1074 Steen, M. Roberts, T. (2011).The handbook of midwifery research. Wiley-Blackwell: West Sussex. Stuart, R.L et al. (2013). Peripheral intravenous catheterassociated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: more than 5 years of prospective data from two tertiary health services: Med J Aust. 198:551-553. Wallis, M.C. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.35: 63-68. Webster, J. (2010). Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3: CD007798.

Pet Peeve Speech free essay sample

Everyone has something that annoys them. It could be a person, a sound, or just how someone acts. I grew up in a house where table manners were highly enforced. My pet peeve is when people chew loudly. We are all most likely are thinking of that one person that we know who does this. Eating is something everyone does but chewing loudly, while you’re talking and chewing gum should be done with a closed mouth. I)When people chew loudly is one thing I can’t handle listening to. No one wants to hear how much someone enjoys the food by the way they are eating it. It’s better when you just say you like something. B)It is an unappealing sight. C)No one wants to hear someone else chewing their food. D)It absolutely turns my stomach to watch someones food churning in their mouth like a front loading washing machine. We will write a custom essay sample on Pet Peeve Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page E)It is rude; it is not pleasant to hear or to look at. II)Secondly, when people talk and eat. This grinds my gears the most. A)If you talk while eating, and you are older than a toddler, people may think you are a bit of a pig so it is not a good habit. B)Sharing is good. Food is good. But sharing the sights and sounds of food in your mouth as you chew isnt good. C)Smacking your lips as you open and close your jaw makes lots of noise. D)When you chew food and talk it is possible for the chewed food to fall from your open mouth or get catapulted across the table. People are most likely going to be grossed out. And lastly, people who chew their gum loudly. A)It is unnecessary to chew that loud. B)Everyone can chew with their mouth shut without making noise. C)There is no need to blow a bubble and pop it every few minutes. Conclusion: Pet peeves are a weird thing. We all have them. They can be something little and insignificant. But it is usually a huge deal for you. Eating is something everyone does but chewing loudly, while you’re talking and chewing gum should be done with a closed mouth. Pet Peeve Speech free essay sample What really bugs you? Things happen everyday that annoy us, but what really gets under your skin? The way people suddenly stop without warning when walking in front of you? The way your aunt leaves her windshield wipers on even after the rain has stopped? The way your mother wakes you up with that silly little song In the morning? Whatever It Is, we want to hear about It. Describe your biggest pet peeve In a two-minute (or more) speech. Cautions: Keep It school appropriate.Do not pick a topic that Is offensive to any person or group of people. Be able to support your topic. You need to have three reasons your topic bugs you. Turn In your outline with your speech. Practice-?funny takes effort. How to plan you speech: You can set up this speech in a few different ways. You can pick one thing that bugs you and give three reasons; you can pick one things that bugs you and describe three says/times it happens; you can pick three similar things that bug you and describe each; be creative!What to do: Do: Practice this speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Pet Peeve Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is NOT an impromptu speech. Do: Choose a topic that really does bug you! This speech will be much less convincing if you dont even believe it. Do: Use emotion in your voice. What NOT to do: Do Not: Worry about looking silly-?thats the point! Do Not: Claim that nothing bugs you-?everyone has a pet peeve. Do Not: use peoples names in your speech.

La Nina Definition, Causes, and Impacts

La Nina Definition, Causes, and Impacts Spanish for little girl, La Nià ±a is the name given to the large-scale cooling of sea surface temperatures across the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is one part of the larger and naturally occurring ocean-atmosphere phenomenon known as the El Nià ±o/Southern Oscillation or ENSO (pronounced en-so) cycle. La Nià ±a conditions recur every 3 to 7 years and typically last from 9 to 12 months up to 2 years. One of the strongest La Nià ±a episodes on record was that of 1988-1989 when ocean temperatures fell as much as 7 degrees Fahrenheit below normal. The last La Nià ±a episode occurred during late 2016, and some evidence of La Nià ±a was seen in January of 2018. La Nia vs. El Nio A La Nià ±a event is the opposite of an El Nià ±o event. Waters in the equatorial regions of the Pacific Ocean are unseasonably cool. The cooler waters affect the atmosphere above the ocean, causing significant changes in climate, though usually not as significant as the changes that occur during an El Nià ±o. In fact, the positive effects on the fishing industry make La Nià ±a less of a news item than an El Nià ±o event. Both La Nià ±a and El Nià ±o events tend to develop during the Northern Hemisphere spring (March to June), peak during late fall and winter (November to February), then weaken the following spring into summer (March to June). El  Nià ±o (meaning the Christ child) earned its name because of its usual appearance around Christmas time. What Causes La Nia Events? You can think of La Nià ±a (and El Nià ±o) events as water sloshing in a bathtub. Water in the equatorial regions follow the patterns of the trade winds. Surface currents are then formed by the winds. Winds always blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure; the steeper the gradient difference in the pressure, the faster the winds will move from highs to lows. Off the coast of South America, changes in air pressure during a La Nià ±a event cause winds to increase in intensity. Normally, winds blow from the eastern Pacific to the warmer western Pacific. The winds create the surface currents that literally blow the top layer of water of the ocean westward. As the warmer water is moved out of the way by the wind, colder waters are exposed to the surface off the western coast of South America. These waters carry important nutrients from deeper ocean depths. The colder waters are important to fishing industries and the nutrient cycling of the ocean. How Are La Nia Years Different? During a La Nià ±a year, the trade winds are unusually strong, leading to increased movement of water towards the western Pacific. Much like a giant fan blowing across the equator, the surface currents that form carry even more of the warmer waters westward. This creates a situation where the waters in the east are abnormally cold and the waters in the west are abnormally warm. Because of the interactions between the temperature of the ocean and the lowest air layers, the climate is affected worldwide. Temperatures in the ocean affect the air above it, creating shifts in climate that can have both regional and global consequences. How La Nia Affects Weather and Climate Rain clouds form as a result of the lifting of warm, moist air. When the air doesnt get its warmth from the ocean, the air above the ocean is abnormally cool above the eastern Pacific. This prevents the formation of rain, often needed in these areas of the world. At the same time, the waters in the west are very warm, leading to increased humidity and warmer atmospheric temperatures. The air rises and the number and intensity of rainstorms increase in the western Pacific. As the air in these regional locations changes, so too does the pattern of circulation in the atmosphere, thereby affecting climate worldwide. Monsoon seasons will be more intense in La Nià ±a years, while the western equatorial portions of South America may be in drought conditions. In the United States, the states of Washington and Oregon may see increased precipitation while portions of California, Nevada, and Colorado may see drier conditions.

A View Inside The Westboro Baptist Church Essay Example for Free

A View Inside The Westboro Baptist Church Essay ? Unlike most modern religious groups, the Westboro Baptist Church is unique in the fact that the organization doesn’t meet in a modern church setting. Instead, the Westboro Baptist Church meets on Sundays to picket and protest the funerals of people whom they feel have created blasphemous acts against God. This recently included the funeral of Apple’s co-founder Steve Jobs. In an October 7th cbsnews. com article journalist Edecio Martinez quoted Margie Phelps as posting on twitter, â€Å"He had huge platform†¦gave God no glory and taught sin. This in return yielded a great a greatly deal of responses by media, family, and some other government officials as well. This is the story behind the Westboro Baptist Church and its opposing counterparts. It is first important to understand the dynamics of the Westboro Baptist Church. Known for its fight against the alternative lifestyles of the homosexual community, the members of the Westboro Baptist Church have often times been referred to as the serial protesters and also have been characterized as a hate group. This church is an independent church founded by Fred Phelps in 1955. The group contains 71 members most of which are of Phelps family. Their congregations include picketing and the desecration of the American flag. Theologically speaking they refer to themselves as Calvinist. The church’s view is that most religious groups are Satan worshipers, frauds, and teach lies. They believe that â€Å"God Hates fags† and that it should be a crime. The two most notable groups that Westboro Baptist Church has chosen to picket are homosexuals and celebrities. This organization is without a question unique in its own rights. Since the Westboro Baptist Church popped up on the scene in Nov. 27, 1955, the public has had something to say about them. In efforts to expires the disapproval of the Westboro Baptist Church other groups have met in areas where the church was picketing and turned away from churches protesters. Perhaps one of the most famous counter protests happened after the September 11 attacks. One young man Jared Dailey , stood across from the group and held a sign that displayed, â€Å"NOT today Fred. † Two days later the number shifted from 1 to 86 people standing across from the group. In future protest against the group the slogan that began Dailey used has been popular in use. As a means to counter the Westboro Baptist church organizations such as, The Boston Center for the Arts and an ad-hoc group in Richmond countered the protest by doing pledges and then donating the money to LGBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, and Trans-gender) organizational projects. Others have arranged protest and hackers have been known to hack the Westboro batiste Church websites and disable them from the internet. There have been violent actions also against the group. There have been recorded incidents of angry mob attempting to attack the group, a fire near their meeting lace estimated at $10,000 in damage, and also Army Veteran Ryan Newell was arrested with ammo and an attempt on an attack of the group. For the most part the general public objects to the Westboro Baptist Church and their beliefs. Arguments on both sides of the debacle have both taking time out to use the First Amendment in their defense. The Westboro Baptist Church found themselves in hot water when the father of the Marine Lance Corporal Matthew A. Snyder sued them for defamation of character, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress on June 5,2006. Although the court threw out the defamation and privacy suits due to the First Amendment the trial still went on for other charges. The family argued that even though the first amendment gives an American citizen the right to free speech it still is limited. On the judges mark the first amendment was recited and let it be known that if vulgar, offensive, or shocking statements were made, then that would be grounds of a guilty plea. The Plea was guilty on behalf of Fred and the other members of the Phelps family. The Westboro Baptist Church also took action as well, on July 21,2006; the ACLU (The American Civil Liberties Union) of eastern Missouri filed a suit for Shirley L. Phelps-Roper. This suit stated that the Missouri law saying that no one was allowed to picket in front of a church or a funeral an hour before or an hour after was preventing her from utilizing her right to religious liberty and free speech. Although the argument was relevant the courts still shot down the suit stating that â€Å"in individual states and cities the law is interpreted as they see fit because the amendment is vague as to the terms and conditions. The Phelps family continued on still to federal court in hopes of a win. On both sides of the argument each have had valid point that the first amendment protects both sides. As the situation continued, it called for the Supreme Court to step in. The Supreme Court stated that even though they do not agree with the Westboro’s acts they still have to aside with them due to the First Amendment of freedom of speech. The Supreme Court quoted â€Å"that freedom of speech is so central to the nation that it protects cruel and unpopular protests – even, in this case, at the moment of a family’s most profound grief. The Westboro Baptist Church is an organization of people with their own beliefs and opinions. Their religion no matter how extreme it may be is still what they believe to be a religion. Time has shown the world many interpretations of God worshipers, and many interpretations of religion, and the Bible. This is not the first group to have these views and probably won’t be the last. The world is a big place with many different people and it is important to look past the ignorance and see the importance of accepting everyone for who they are like it or not. A View Inside The Westboro Baptist Church. (2017, Jan 23).

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Global Economic Changes Over the Next Decade Research Paper

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