Discovering Communities on the Internet :: Computers Technology Papers

"Discovering Communities on the Internet" Section I Online Communities Online communities seem to be very popular these days. I feel there is two different types of online communities. One type is where people converse during real time, meaning an individual could typically ask a question and will receive an immediate response from someone else. The immediate responses result in a dialogue between two or more people. Bulletin Boards are also popular because they are similar to an online community. The bulletin boards allow people to share ideas. To my understanding, the main difference between the two is that someone posts an idea on the board, and another person responds to the inquiry or statement by posting his response. Both of these places allow people to have discussions of all kinds and for a variety of reasons. Some people may think that an online community is where they met their significant others. Other people think an online community allows them to find the house or car of his dream. Also, people will ask for advice or ideas about something that is going on in life. There are advantages and disadvantages in chatting with communities. Some of the advantages are as follows: people are connected with the world and the diversity of people; people are able to find out other people's interests and ideas; people can learn about a different person's perspective. Some disadvantages in chatting with communities are as follows: people can learn how scary and different people really are; people can lie to you with out you even knowing the truth. I have had personal experience with chat communities and I have found great success. I have used chat communities for educational purposes. When I have chatted with communities I felt at ease. For example instead of having a class discussion I chatted with my classmates online. This way of discussing ideas was neat, because at first I did not know who I was talking to, then eventually I did figure out who I was chatting with. Another reason why I have enjoyed chat room discussions versus in class discussions is because people had the opportunity to speak their minds over the computer and they were not hesitant or shy. People did not have to face humiliation from the teacher or other classmates by their vocal answer. Chat rooms allow everyone to be able to participate and get involved in the class.

Atellophobia

TRANSVERSAL PROYECT ENGLISH ATELOPHOBIA Grammar Oral Literature Marina Cecilia Garcia Contreras Rodrigo Hernandez Martinez Ilse Navarrete Salazar Diego Rodriguez Castro 4 °A Why we chose this problem? People too often become victims of Atelophobia in other words ‘fear of imperfection'. But one should always remember that mistakes are eye openers. They add to a person's experience. Mistakes are very normal. Till the time, you do not try to do a thing that you have never done before, you cannot do it. Any kind of fear of failure in doing that task perfectly is just a blocker.In my point of view I can say there are many things that this phobia makes you very insecure one is that you learn from mistakes , if I want to be perfect how can I make a mistake ? Hypothesis We think that atelophobia exists because all the influence of the media. Nowadays television, radio, magazines and many others, try to make people think that they should have an specific profile; they tell them they s hould be skinny, beautiful, tall, white and many others stereotypes that make people afraid of not being good enough and try to do many things to be perfect, but this can’t happen and many people have terrible consequences because of this.Problem Atelophobia is the fear of not being good enough. This is such a common problem that many people suffer and it’s getting bigger and bigger everytime because of the influence of the media and because people believe in all it says. It happens principally in teenagers because they are more involved in social pressure and many times they don’t accept themselves because of this. The worst part is that this can cause many others problems in them such as anorexia, bulimia, bullying and many other physic and psychologic problems. ConclusionsWhat we learn about this problem is that it is psychological, but in a big amount it is caused by society, we are often influence by the things people says and considers it is â€Å"perfect ion†. In addition, they always promote the ideal stereotype, with certain characteristics like being skinny, tall, white and what they consider beautiful, it appears in many ways of media like television, magazines, radio, etc. Even if we don? t notice, it causes a lot of damage in people, being obsessed with your image can have some terrible consequences. What we, as a society, can do about it is to stop caring about what people say, you don? need to have perfect physical appearance, just accept yourself as you are, be happy and feel confidence with your image. We have to start by making people know that being judgmental really can hurts the feelings of the other persons. This problem is nowadays very common, not accepting yourself can cause many horrible deceases like anorexia, bulimia, vigorexia or worse, suicide. We really have to stop this problem; it will take us time because we are used to be influenced by what all the people think, we should start with campaigns agains t stereotypes. Photos:

Civil Rights Activist, Malcolm X - 1028 Words

Malcolm X We didnt land on Plymouth Rock, Plymouth Rock landed on us.(Malcolm X).Even though Elijah Muhammad was bad to all these women and had gotten them pregnant. Malcolm X still believed in the thought of Muslims ways and Elijah’s teachings , especially when everything was segregated between whites and blacks adding on, Malcolm X had a bad past with white people. Malcolm X’s trip to Mecca had made him perceive something new. There in Mecca everyone was equal, the white man there were standing side by side and called him brother. As soon as he came back to America he realized instead of the fact of Muslims making things better for blacks and only blacks and Muslims can make it better, he realized things should be better for all people. You can say in a way, his mind started to open up to all viewpoints even with his bad past. Malcolm X had been separated from his brothers and sisters, ridiculed because of what color skin he was, being charged with burglary and sent enced him to 10 in jail. Malcolm X came out a changed man who became successful becoming an inspirational beacon for blacks. He fought for what he believed in being as militant as he was. Devoting his life to achieve something many people were against. He even gave himself a new last name â€Å"X†, he believed the last name â€Å"little† was a slave name a white man had given, so he chose â€Å"X† to represent his unknown tribal name making him what he is known by today as â€Å"Malcolm X†. The first characteristic thatShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X1631 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The future belongs to those who prepare for it today† said Malcolm X (â€Å"1960’s). To fully understand what Malcolm X was trying to say, one would have to understand what â€Å"future† really means. Future: the time or a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing; time regarded as still to come (Merriam). An interpretation of this is that one should prepare for the future, so that when the future becomes the present, a person knows she or he did everything thing he could have to make todayRead MoreEssay on Civil Rights Activists: Malcolm X1061 Words   |  5 PagesMalcolm X was a muslim, black man who cared very much about gaining equal rights. He was, in a way, an extremist. Though only taking action when he felt necessary, when he did take action, it often had drastic effects on the people and events occurring around him. Unlike Martin Luther King or other leading civil rights activists, he did not believe in peaceful protest. He believed in â€Å"whatever means necessary† to accomplish his goals. Because of his strong efforts and his unmatched determinationRead MoreMalcolm X, A Civil Right Activist And Powerful Black Leader855 Words   |  4 PagesIn the influential and provoking essay â€Å"Learning to Read† (1965), Malcolm X, a civil right activist and powerful black leader, narrates his story on how books transformed his life forever into the realm of human rights. Incorporating sequential narrative and social analysis, he explains his methodology in attaining literacy and how this process influences him to espouse black separatism and resent white people, while providing historical fact and jarring criticism in his arguments. Using first-personRead MoreThe Death Before Disunity : Malcolm X, Civil Rights Activist And Muslim Leader1173 Words   |  5 PagesDeath before Disunity Malcolm X, Civil Rights activist and Muslim leader, was an advocate of unity by all means necessary. Throughout history, people have often pondered what X intended to obtain before his tragic death at the hands of Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson (â€Å"Biography†). Several people downplay X’s achievements in comparison to the accomplishments of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Majority of activists such as Mohandas Gandhi, Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chavez are notoriousRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Activists Like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesis Black images which speak to and inspire Black people† stated in â€Å"Documents from the Black Arts Movement† (Karenga). This statement speaks truth to how African Americans felt in the 1960s and still today. Many great Civil Rights activists like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X wanted to set examples including being the voice of Afr ican Americans because many were silent about the injustice they endured from white Americans. Blacks felt that having artists of their own kind to relate to wouldRead More Some Lead, Some Follow, Others Change the World1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhen being asked which Civil Rights activist of the movement was most effective, the answer is quite obvious. This movement originated due to what is called â€Å"Jim Crow† laws. These laws suggested that everyone is separate but equal. Otherwise became blindingly apparent when African Americans were subdued by whites in various ways. For example, the justice system always considered the case of white man over a black one. Also, an African American facility was certainly not comparable to the superiorRead MoreThe Significance of the Role of Malcolm X on African American Activists1634 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? A. Plan of the Investigation To what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? This investigation will assess the significance of Malcolm X’s significance in giving rise to African American activism. Malcolm X’s motives, involvement in the civil rights movement and his leadership will all be discussed in order toRead MoreMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreWhy Black Activists Rejected Martin Luther King and Follwed Malcolm X730 Words   |  3 Pagesmain black activist leaders of the early 1950s were Martin Luth er King and Malcolm X. Today, both of these men would be remembered as great leaders.However, these two men had totally different approaches towards meeting the same main goal. Both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X fought for civil rights; however Malcolm X also wanted to have a separate black society whereas Martin Luther wanted the integration of white people with black people. Malcolm X believed thatRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 1950’s and 1960’s, the civil rights movement defined how African Americans progressed from being considered second class citizens to a unified demographic who became more endowed to handle the high tensions between them and the white segregationists. After World War II, protests began to rise between the 1950’s and 1960’s. The large number of blacks that served in the military or worked in the war industry saw that they had a greater place in the world than they had been given in

Ecological Effects of Anti Communism Strategies by the...

During the early stages of the Cold War (1945-1954), the United States became so dedicated to stopping the spread of communism that they completely ignored the potential ecological effects of their strategic decisions, signifying a complete disconnect from contemplative ecology. During this period under the Truman Administration, there was an overwhelming societal belief that national security concerns trump environmental safety. As a matter of fact, there was zero concern from the federal government towards environmental safety, as evidenced by the United States Federal Government Spending for the Fiscal Year of 1950. Zero concern equalling zero dollars being spent on ‘pollution abatement’, and most appalling ‘protection of biodiversity†¦show more content†¦For the consequences of wiping out American cities with atomic weapons would result in the simultaneous destruction of Soviet cities from an American counter-attack. The ultimate result would be mutually assured destruction on both sides. The ecological reprocussions from such a scenario would be disasterous. Both the Americans and the Soviets had enough nuclear weapons to not only wipe each other off the map, but also enduce a global nuclear winter—which is when the nu clear fallout is so thick it blocks out the sun, lowering the global climate, killing of plantlife, animal life which depended on that plantlife, and ultimately causing a complete food chain disruption. Hell on Earth as we know it. Fortunately, worldwide nuclear winter was only a possibility, never a reality. But for some people, the reprocussions of the use of nuclear weapons are very real. The United States tested 67 nuclear weapons in Bikini Atoll from 1946-1958. Bikini Atoll, which belonged to a conglomerate of 23 islands—the Marshall Islands—was formerly inhabited by nearly 5000 bikinians before they were voluntarily evacuated in order to begin nuclear testing. Many of the Bikinians resided on nearby Rongelap atoll, until fallout from the Castle Bravo Hydrogen Bomb test in 1954 shrouded the atoll in a cloud of radioactive fallout, forcing them to once again relocate to another island. The US Government declared Bikini atoll habitable in 1970, andShow MoreRelatedResource Wars: the New Landscape of Global Conflict5105 Words   |  21 PagesSummary: Throughout the 1990s, many armed groups have relied on revenues from natural resources such as oil, timber, or gems to substitute for dwindling Cold War sponsorship. Resources not only ï ¬ nanced, but in some cases motivated conï ¬â€šicts, and shaped strategies of power based on the commercialization of armed conï ¬â€šict and the territoriality of sovereignty around valuable resource areas and trading networks. As such, armed conï ¬â€šict in the post-Cold War period is increasingly characterized by a speciï ¬ c politicalRead MoreThe Scope and Challenge of International Marketing6030 Words   |  25 PagesTrade Organization, NAFTA, and the European Union. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 5. (p. 5) One event that will influence the shape of international business as the future unfolds is the unprecedented acceptance of communism and socialism in Latin America. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 6. (p. 5) A trend that will impact international business in the future is a mandate to properly manage the resources and global environment. TRUE Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesD421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban ParadigmRead MoreEnvironmental Factors in Business5042 Words   |  21 Pagespolicies Economic systems Economic condition The nature of the economy, the stage of development of the economy, economic resources, the level of income, the distribution of income and assets, etc. are among the very important determinants of business strategies. Some types or categories of business are favourably affected by government policy, some adversely affected, while it is neutral to some others. E.g.: a restrictive import policy may greatly help the import competing industries, while a liberalisationRead MoreSocial Power of the News Media12127 Words   |  49 Pages1 Power and the News Media Teun A. van Dijk University of Amsterdam __________________ INTRODUCTION In the study of mass communication, there has been a continuous debate about the more or less powerful effects of the media on the public.1 Instead of reviewing these positions and their empirical claims, this chapter examines in more general terms some properties of the social power of the news media. This power is not restricted to the influence of the media on their audiences, but also involvesRead MoreWill India Become a Superpower?11373 Words   |  46 Pagesreligious, reaction against Partition. Hindu and Sikh refugees from Pakistan were calling for retribution against the Muslims who had stayed behind in India. The relations between the two communities were poisoned further by the tribal invasion of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. With the raiders aided and equipped by the Pakistani army, the religious conflict had, inevitably, become a national one. A bloody battle was on in the high mountains of the Himalaya, as the Indian Army sought to rid Kashmir ofRead More Bric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 PagesPolity . Volume 42, Number 1 . January 2010 r 2010 Northeastern Political Science Association 0032-3497/10 www.palgrave-journals.com/polity/ Brazil, the Entrepreneurial and Democratic BRIC* Leslie Elliott Armijo Portland State University Sean W. Burges University of Ottawa By most objective metrics, Brazil is the least imposing of the ‘‘BRICs countries’’— less populous than China and India, slower-growing in recent years than China, India, or Russia, and the only member of the group lackingRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic choices and strategy in action covered later in the book, it will normally be a prerequisite that some type of analysis of the strategic position is undertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programme (asRead MoreIkea Case Study on Marketing22843 Words   |  92 PagesUniversity of Halmstad School of Business a nd Engineering Bachelor Degree A creation of competitive advantage by using differentiation of company’s strategy actions. The case study of IKEA Sweden with experiences on Chinese and French markets. Dissertation in Marketing Credit point level – 10 ( 15ECTS) Supervisor: Venilton Reinert Authors: Landry Capdevielle Min Li Paulina Nogal Halmstad, 23rd of May 2007 The table of contents Introduction............................................

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison - 915 Words

In the novel â€Å"The Bluest Eye† by Toni Morrison, the audience is provided with different interactions between white and black characters that gives the interpretation of whiteness as the standard of beauty, which distorts the lives of black characters through messages everywhere that whiteness is superior and equal to cleanliness. The theme of white superiority is portrayed through the lives and stories told by the characters Pecola, Claudia, and Pauline. Through the struggles these characters have endured with the internalized idea of white beauty, Morrison shows how the interactions between whites and blacks affect the characters in this book and how that has an effect on race in America. The protagonist of the novel Pecola Breedlove has to encounter the oppressive standard of beauty. The dominant cultures standard of beauty did not allow black girls to feel as though their dark skin color was beautiful, but instead they had to be white in order to be considered beautifu l. Pecola experiences racial shame, resulting from the oppressive standard of beauty. She desires to be released from the restraints her black race has placed on her and her feeling of ugliness due to her skin color. Pecola believes that being granted with blue eyes would change how others see her and how she sees herself. She believes that blue eyes would make her fit into the white culture. Morrison explains, â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, andShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable sy mbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated

Niels Bohr Free Essays

Niels Bohr is a big person in the history of chemistry. If it wasn’t for him we would not have known as much as we do now about the atom. He came to a conclusion of so many unanswered questions people were left after the discovery of the electron. We will write a custom essay sample on Niels Bohr or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also participated in the United State’s biggest project that helped us win World War II. If it wasn’t for Niels Bohr we probably would not have as many things as we do today. He is one, if not, the biggest person in the history of Chemistry. Niels Bohr was born around the time people started to research more about the atom. In his early years J. J. Thomson discovered the electron which would later have a big debate. During Bohr’s college days, he became a pupil of J. J. Thomson. They both began to work on the structure of the atom and trying to figure out how it works. They both started using everyone’s theories and put them together for example; he used Max Planck’s quanta theory, and used what Ernest Rutherford suggested what the atom was like. By putting these together Bohr and Thomson found out that the electrons at a certain distance away from the nucleus which were called energy levels. They also figured out that when electrons absorb energy it goes to higher energy levels moving farther from the nucleus, but when it loses energy it goes down energy levels and gets closer to the nucleus. Even though Bohr’s model isn’t 100% perfect, his model is more accurate then what others came up with. Later on though many others have improved Bohr’s model and made it more accurate. After Bohr completed his atomic model he then won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his model. Bohr got right back to work after he won the Nobel Prize and started to research atomic nuclei and learning more about them and also settled some differences in quantum physics. While he was doing this Bohr went back to his homeland over in Europe during the time World War II started. After Germany was taking over Europe he was able to flee to Sweden and then came to the United States again. In the United States he was invited to help out with the Manhattan Project. Just imagine if Bohr was not able to help out with the Manhattan Project. Where would we be during the World War II, would we have won? All of these questions come back to Bohr, because of his knowledge of an atom and his research of the atomic nuclei we were able to produce an atomic bomb. Bohr had a lot of influence in what our world is like today. If he wasn’t alive we would not have known (or would be decades behind with our researches then where we are today) the atom and how to use it. Bohr also did research on atomic nuclei which got him invited into the Manhattan Project which changed the world as we know it. This project began the nuclear weapon uses throughout the world and also ended World War II and any possible world war in the future. Because of this mostly every country has nuclear weapons and the world can end at any moment from this. Bohr has done a lot and with help from J. J. Thomson, he was able to do the things he did. Without Thomson discovering the electron, Bohr would not need to have discovered the structure of the atom because it was already known. Throughout Bohr’s life he was able to find new things out to help the world out. He might not have done it alone or 100% perfect, but he was able to find out these things and help the world out. Without him there would be no nuclear weapons, and who knows what would have happened at the end of World War II. Because of what Bohr has researched and found, Niels Bohr is one of the greatest people that have ever been involved with chemistry. Works Cited â€Å"Niels Bohr | Biography | Atomicarchive.com.† Atomicarchive.com: Exploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Bohr.shtml. â€Å"A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Niels Bohr.† PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpbohr.html. How to cite Niels Bohr, Papers

Work Health and Safety Legislation †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Work Health and Safety Legislation? Answer: Introduction In the hospitality industry, Work-Health and Safety should be a priority. It is necessary for the hotel human resource management to create good working conditions for the workers. Health and safety issues should be closely observed. To avoid accidents that may result in severe injuries, the hotel must come up with safety measures which include training the workers on safety issues. Since the hotel offers temporary accommodation, the safety and health of the clients should not be taken for granted. Evidently, the hotel requires a lot of improvements to address the current issues related to health and safety of its customers and employees. Risks facing the employees and the clients in the hotel should be identified so that they can be addressed appropriately. Breaches in WHS legislation WHS legislation guides the employers, employees and other parties with a common workplace on how to manage workplace risks through consultancy and cooperation. In New South Wales WHS legislation includes Work Health and Safety Act 2011 which is supported by Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011. This legislation became effective from 1st January 2012. The legislation is founded on the national model WHS legislation. This model should be observed in all workplaces in NSW (NSW Legislation, 2017) the report identified that the hotel had breached the following legislations; Health and safety duties- according to NSW Legislation (2017), WHS Act 2011 diversified the categories of people with a duty of care. Apart from employers and Persons Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBUs), every member of the management has the responsibility to manage risk at the workplace including; designers, suppliers, manufacturers, and importers. In this hotel, the supplier did not provide information on safe use of the chemical. Risk management- the organization has an obligation to manage risks effectively to protect the workers and other persons against any harm. The hotel had breached this legislation, for instance, they have not repaired the lift, and also they have ignored the harm that the new chemical is causing on the staff as well as the clients (NSW Government SafeWork 2016, b) Reasonably practicable- the organization should make any possible effort to manage risks in the workplace. Every person should be informed about the severity of every risk and how they can eliminate or manage it and the cost of managing This has not been done in the hotel. For instance, Health and safety committee does not meet frequently, and the agenda of the last meeting was not on safety issues. Representation and consultation- relevant information about risk management must be shared with the workers, and they should be given the opportunity to participate in decision making by considering their opinions. The Health and safety representatives (HSRs) and the health and safety committee must be involved in risk management processes. In this hotel, the HSRs are not properly trained while the Health and Safety committee does not frequently meet, so they do not participate in managing risks at the workplace. Notifications- the organization must provide WorkCover and NSW must be informed about any serious injuries and incidents before carrying out the dangerous The hotel has bought cleaning chemicals which are harming the workers and the clients and do not provide WorkCovers to their employees. Hazards in the workplace According to Omer (2016), a hazard is an element or a situation that have the potential to cause harm to a person. It this hotel the following hazards can be identified (See table 1 in the appendices); Poor lighting. Accommodating visitors whose details are not recorded. An old faulty lift. The hotel lacks a written occupational health and safety plan. Lack of fully trained Health Safety representatives. The health committee is not committed since they are too busy. Unreliable TCR. Lack of induction training for new employees. Use of chemicals without any information on how to use the chemical safely. Poor communication as most of the accidents at the workplace is not reported. Overcrowding in the hotel. Employing untrained staff who serve food and alcohol. Risks associated with the hazards identified The business is located in an area which has poor lighting. This increases the vulnerability of the clients, the workers and other people living in the region. According to Brandon David (2008), lighting is a situational approach to crime prevention which is environmental in nature and is important as it deters the offenders. This suggests that in a place that lacks proper lighting, the criminals are more likely to attack and cause harm to unsuspecting people. The hotel management has also been ignoring the security issues related to hosting clients in one room whose details have not been recorded at the reception. This puts the lives of other clients and the surrounding community at risk as criminals may take the advantage to arrange for criminal activities in the hotel. The hotel operates an old faulty lift which is likely to break down frequently thus threatening the safety of the users. This may cause injuries and other health complications to the users like the one illustrated in the case study. Lack of trained HRS in the hotel is risky since in case a disaster such as an accident occurs, there are no skilled personnel to manage the risks that may result. Health representatives are important in ensuring that the workplace presents healthy working conditions for the employees (Health and Safety Authority,2015) The hotel also lacks a reliable TCR, therefore, if a person is injured at the workplace, they cannot get instant first aid assistance. This may be risky to the lives of the injured employee or persons since the injuries might be too severe (NSW Government SafeWork 2016 c) According to NSW Government SafeWork (2016 a), It is also risky to use chemicals at the workplace that do not have the manufacturers information as well as the information on how to use the chemical safely. The chemicals may cause harm to the user such as the ones illustrated in the case study. Some of the chemicals are corrosive and may burn the users. Others may have long-term effects on the users health. According to Health and Safety Authority (2015), there are cases of unreported accidents on the workers in the hotel. Some cases are severe thus threatening the lives of the workers. Cases of injuries should be reported early enough so that the victims can be treated on time. Hazard analysis matrix Hazard risk analysis is done in order to identify the probability of a problem occurring and the damage it may cause. In risk analysis, the hazard is identified first. Secondly the probability of its occurrence is analyzed, and lastly, its severity is analyzed. The following model can be used in analyzing the risk of a hazard; Example Hazard Poor lighting Potential location (s) - on the streets near the hotel. The hazards with the highest probability of occurring and high level of severity should be prioritized. (See table 2 in appendices) Management controls to address non-compliance with legislation According to OSFI (2013), Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM) refers to a set of guidelines that help organizations manage compliance risks. The organization should set an RCM framework which establishes a line of responsibilities on individuals in managing compliance risks. Compliance helps to ensure that an organization abides by the legislations of the government bodies and other regulatory bodies through regulating its internal controls and policies. According to Metric Stream (2017), the organization should come up with an initiative to comply with legislations. The organization should have a timeframe to ensure that they comply with legislations on time to avoid extra costs which may result from non-compliance. Risk controls applying the hierarchy of controls for the identified hazards According to Safe Work Australia Fact Sheet (2016), the hierarchy of controls which is used in managing workplace health and safety risks is comprised of four steps which are as follows; Eliminate hazards- the organization should try to get rid of the hazards in the workplace such as getting replacing old lift which is likely to harm the users. Substitute the hazard - this suggests that the organization should replace the non-functional equipment or the equipment that are hazardous to the employees and the clients in the workplace. For instance, they can purchase a new lift to replace the old one (NSW Government SafeWork 2016 e) Isolate the hazard- any element that can cause harm should be kept away from the workplace, for example; they should have stopped using the new chemical once they realized that it harms the users. Use administrative controls- the hotel management should ensure that the staffs are well trained to minimize accidents at the workplace. Use protective gears- the hotel management should provide protective gears such as gloves and goggles when using the chemicals to clean the glasses so as protect them from getting into contact with the chemicals (Paramount Safety Products, 2007) Cost and benefit analysis associated with noncompliance, hazards and recommended controls Cost-benefit analysis helps organizations to determine whether or not a given policy is worthy to be implemented. The organization should weigh the cost that the company can accrue if it fails to comply with the legislations by the government. Every company is required to comply with the government legislations regulating its operations. The following is a cost benefit analysis of the hotel according to(Robinson, 2008) Estimate of the baseline conditions- this involves assessing the current and estimating future conditions in case there are no government regulations. This includes determining the harm that may be caused by the current practices of the company. For example, in the case study, the hotel is using chemicals without safety use information. The chemical has caused significant harm to a number of employees and even to a client. This is as a result of non-compliance to the chemical safety legislations, and it may attract legal action from the government. Predict outcomes to each regulatory option- this involves considering the various responses that the company needs to take to comply with the legislations. For example, installing a new lift in the hotel. Estimate change in national cost- this will involve considering the costs of implementing various risk management plans. This will include considering the impact the change will have on the market. Estimate change in national costs- this includes assessing the effect that the change will have on the public regarding security and health. Assess distributional impacts- analyze the impact that the change will have on various groups such as the workers and the clients. If the change will have positive impacts, then it is worth implementing. Consequences of non-compliance and not managing workplace hazards Failure to comply with government legislations has adverse effects on the business. Considering the non-compliance issues that the case study presents, the following are the consequences that it is likely to face (Intuit Inc. 2017). Failure to comply with workplace legislation exposes the company to lawsuits by employees in case they attain injuries while at the workplace. The company may also incur huge fines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (The University of Sydney 2016). For example: If the organization is alerted about OSHA violation it should act immediately. Dollar Free Store at Boston was fined $177.800 for blocking exits and also due to hazardous conditions of the workplace. Non-compliance to wage legislation may expose the company to lawsuits, audits, and fees among other severe consequences. Conclusion The hotel has not complied with most of NSW Work Health Safety legislations. This has exposed it to many non-compliance consequences. This exposes employees and clients at this hotel to many hazards which risk their wellbeing. It is important for the management of this hotel to consider putting up initiatives on how they can comply with the WHS legislations. This ensures that their workers are safe as well as their clients. References Brandon, W. David, F., 2008. Effects of improved street lighting on crime. S.l.: Campbell Systematic Reviews. Health and Safety Authority(2015) Safety and Health Managment. Available from: https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Managing_Health_and_Safety/Safety_and_Health_Management_Systems/ Intuit. Inc 2017, The dangers of non-compliance for your business. Available from: https://quickbooks.intuit.com/r/hr-laws-and-regulation/the-dangers-of-non-compliance-for-your-business/ Metric Stream, 2017. Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Framework, s.l.: s.n. NSW Government SafeWork 2016 a, Hazardous chemicals. Available from: https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/health-and-safety/safety-topics-a-z/hazardous-chemical NSW Government SafeWork 2016 b, Duty of care and duty to consult. Available from: https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/health-and-safety/manage-workplace-safety/providing-training-and-instruction NSW Government SafeWork 2016 c, Fist aid. Available from: https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/health-and-safety/manage-workplace-safety/first-aid NSW Government SafeWork 2016 d, Work health and safety legislation. https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/law-and-policy/legislation-and-codes/work-health-and-safety-legislation NSW Government SafeWork 2016 e, Workplace facilities. Available from. https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/workplace-health-and-safety/whs-oh-and-s-acts-regulations-and-codes-of-practice NSW Legislation, 2017. Work Health and Safety ACT 2011, s.l.: s.n. Omer, A. M., 2016. What is the difference between the terms "Hazard" and " Risk"?. Recovery Partners, 8 August. OSFI, 2013. Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM). Corporate Governance Guideline.. Paramount Safety Products, 2007, Managing workplace risk and the hierarchy of control. Available from:https://t.co/sWcuURYhQb Robinson, L. A., 2008. Assessing Regulatory Costs and Benefits. The Encyclopedia for Environmental health, Volume 712, p. 3. 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